Reference

Trading glossary

Plain-English definitions of the terms our news mentions. Tap any ticker pill to see related news.

Indices

NIFTY 50: Benchmark index of 50 large-cap NSE-listed companies, weighted by free-float market capitalization. The most-watched index for Indian equities.
BANK NIFTY: Index of the most liquid banking stocks on NSE. Highly correlated with rate decisions and macro liquidity.
SENSEX: BSE benchmark of 30 large-cap stocks. India's oldest index, calculated since 1986.

SEBI: Securities and Exchange Board of India. Statutory regulator of stock exchanges, brokers, mutual funds, and listed-company conduct.
RBI: Reserve Bank of India. Sets monetary policy, repo rate, and banking regulation. Its Monetary Policy Committee announcements move bank stocks and rate-sensitives.
MCA: Ministry of Corporate Affairs. Maintains the company-master records India relies on for corporate filings beyond exchange disclosures.

BSE/NSE filing: Mandatory disclosure by a listed company about a price-sensitive event (board decision, results, fund-raise, demerger, etc). The cleanest, fastest, primary source.
RNS: Regulatory News Service style press release. Equivalent of a UK LSE-style company announcement. Used as shorthand for primary-source corporate news.
Record date: Cut-off date for shareholders to be eligible for a corporate action (dividend, bonus, demerger). Stock trades 'cum' before the date and 'ex' after.

F&O: Futures and Options. Derivatives traded on NSE for indices and individual stocks. Higher leverage, higher risk; news flow drives intraday moves disproportionately.
OI (Open Interest): Total outstanding F&O contracts not yet closed. Rising OI with rising price often signals strong directional conviction.
PCR: Put-Call Ratio. Aggregated puts vs calls. Used as a rough sentiment gauge; extreme readings often mean-revert.

FII: Foreign Institutional Investor. Daily FII buy/sell numbers move the index more than retail flows; a key macro indicator for the Nifty.
DII: Domestic Institutional Investor (mutual funds, insurance, pension). DIIs often counter-balance FII selling in volatile sessions.

Circuit breaker: Exchange-mandated price band on a stock or index that pauses trading when breached. Prevents disorderly moves.
Pre-market session: On NSE, 09:00–09:15 IST. Discovery of opening price via call auction. Often dominated by overnight news flow.
Result calendar: Schedule of company quarterly earnings announcements. The single biggest driver of single-stock moves; news apps tag it.